The Green Toad – Bufotes viridis – Sapo verde is a medium-sized toad that is found in a variety of habitats in Europe and Asia. With its distinct coloration and unique cranial crest, this species is easily recognizable. Although the green toad is listed as a species of “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, its populations are declining in some areas due to various threats, including habitat loss and pollution. In this article, we will discuss the physical characteristics, habitat and behavior, diet, reproduction, conservation status, and status in Spain of this fascinating species.
Following genetic and morphological reviews, the green toads on the Balearic islands are now regarded as separate species. (Bufotes balearicus)
Physical characteristics
The green toad, also known as Bufo viridis or Sapo verde, is a medium-sized toad with a robust body and short legs. Their coloration can vary from yellowish-green to olive green, with darker spots or patches on their back. They have a distinctive cranial crest that runs between their eyes and a pair of parotoid glands behind their eyes that secrete a toxic substance as a defense mechanism. Their eyes are golden-colored with horizontal pupils.
Habitat and behavior
The green toad is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, shrublands, forests, and wetlands. They are most commonly found in Europe and Asia. During the day, they spend most of their time buried in the ground or hidden under vegetation to avoid predators. They are active at night, when they hunt for food and search for mates. The green toad is a solitary animal and does not form groups.
Diet
The green toad is a carnivorous animal, feeding mainly on insects such as crickets, beetles, and ants. They also eat other invertebrates, such as spiders and snails.
Reproduction
The breeding season for green toads usually occurs between March and June. During this time, males gather at breeding sites, such as ponds or streams, and begin calling to attract females. After mating, the female lays a string of eggs, which hatch into tadpoles. The tadpoles then develop into juvenile toads, which can take up to two years to reach maturity.
Conservation status
The green toad is listed as a species of “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List. However, their populations are declining in some areas due to habitat loss, pollution, and other threats.
Status of the Green Toad – Bufotes viridis – Sapo verde in Spain
In Spain, the green toad is a protected species under national and regional legislation. They are found in many regions of the country, including Andalusia, Aragon, Castile and León, and Catalonia. However, some populations are declining due to habitat destruction and fragmentation, as well as the introduction of non-native species.
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