The concept of Biosphere Reserves, as recognized by UNESCO since 1974, represents a significant milestone in humanity’s commitment to fostering harmony between people and the natural world. In this article, we will delve into the essence of Biosphere Reserves, understanding their pivotal role as “learning places for sustainable development.”
Hornets in Spain
Hornets are often considered pests, as they aggressively guard their nesting sites when threatened and their stings can be more dangerous than those of bees. There are now four types of hornet in Spain with three being introduced, considered invasive and a threat to endemic wildlife. (A fifth is often mentioned in the press but the Asian giant hornet (Vespa Mandarina) is NOT present in Spain).
- Hornets (insects in the genus Vespa) are the largest in the wasp family and some species can reach up to 6 cm in length. There are around 22 species of Vespa in the world and most only occur in the tropics of Asia.
- Like other social wasps, hornets build communal nests by chewing wood to make a papery pulp. Each nest has one queen, which lays eggs and is attended by workers that, while genetically female, cannot lay fertile eggs. Male hornets are docile and do not have stings.
- Most species make exposed nests in trees and shrubs, but some build their nests underground or in other cavities.
Iberian Lynx Population Reaches 2401 in 2024: Europe’s Most Endangered Cat Nears Recovery
The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), once critically endangered, has reached its highest population ever recorded. As of 2024, there are 2,401 wild Iberian lynxes across Spain and Portugal. This 19% increase over the previous year marks a milestone in one of Europe’s most ambitious conservation programs. From fewer than 100 in 2002, the species is now expanding in both range and breeding strength—yet challenges remain. (Iberian Lynx Population Reaches 2401 in 2024)